\\a2t1\Thunderstorms bring lightning, heavy rain, and strong winds. &Lightning can start fires, snap off branches, and power failures.& ~Strong winds can break glass and even up root trees.~
Q1\*Choose one of the following to correct the highlighted text.

Lightning can start fires, snap off branches, and cause power failures.
Lightning can cause fires, snap off branches, and power failures.
Lightning may start fires, snap off branches, and power failures.

- and cause power failures.\- Lightning can cause\- Lightning may start
A series of similar ideas in a sentence should be expressed in the same grammatical form. Here that form should be verbs with their objects.
Q2\Choose one of the following to correct the highlighted text.

Strong winds can break glass and even uproot trees.
Strong winds can shatter glass and even up root trees.
Strong winds can break glass and also up root trees.

- and even uproot\- can shatter glass\- also up root
The verb is one word, "uproot."

\\a2t2\&Guide dogs are different than ordinary household pets.& ~They learn to guide their masters in various situations, including traveling on subways and to cross streets.~ They must be healthy, intelligent, and good-natured.
Q1\Choose one of the following to correct the highlighted text.

Guide dogs are different from ordinary household pets.
Guide dogs are different then ordinary household pets.
Guide dogs are different than ordinary household pets are.

- different from\- different then\- pets are.
The correct expression is "different from," not "different than."
Q2\*Choose one of the following to correct the highlighted text.

They learn to guide their masters in various situations, including traveling on subways and crossing streets.
They learn to guide their masters in various situations; including traveling on subways and to cross streets.
They learn to guide their masters in various situations, including to travel on subways and crossing streets.

- and crossing streets.\- situations; including\- to travel on subways and crossing
Ideas connected by "and" should be expressed in the same grammatical form. Thus "to cross" should become a participle, "crossing," to parallel "traveling."

\\a2t3\The ballpoint pen is a remarkable writing tool. &It carries a large ink supply, don't leak, and writes on most surfaces.& Early people were not so lucky. ~The first writing tools were chisels, sticks, or they used their fingers to mark wood, clay, or stone.~
Q1\Choose one of the following to correct the highlighted text.

It carries a large ink supply, doesn't leak, and writes on most surfaces.
It carries a large ink supply, don't leak, and it writes on most surfaces.
It carries a large ink supply, don't leak much, and writes on most surfaces.

- doesn't leak\- and it writes\- don't leak much
A verb must agree with its subject in person. "Don't" should be "doesn't" to agree with the third person pronoun "it."
Q2\*Choose one of the following to correct the highlighted text.

The first writing tools were chisels, sticks, or fingers used to mark wood, clay, or stone.
The first writing tools were chisels, sticks, or they used fingers to mark wood, clay, or stone.
The first written tools were chisels, sticks, or they used their fingers to mark wood, clay, or stone.

- or fingers used to mark\- they used fingers\- first written tools
A series of similar ideas in a sentence should have the same grammatical form. Here that form should be all nouns, not two nouns and a clause.

\\a2t4\&Our main sense organs are our eyes, ears, nose, tongue, and skin, they do not work by themselves.& They are connected to nerves. The nerves carry messages to the brain. ~The brain is what really sees, hears, smells, tastes, and has feeling.~
Q1\Choose one of the following to correct the highlighted text.

Our main sense organs are our eyes, ears, nose, tongue, and skin, but they do not work by themselves.
Our main sense organs are our eyes, ears, nose, tongue, and skin they do not work by themselves.
Our main sense organs are our eyes, ears, nose, tongue, and skin, they don't work by themselves.

- and skin, but\- and skin they\- and skin, they don't
This is a run-on sentence. A comma may not connect two sentences. Use a connecting word such as "but" if the ideas follow each other closely.
Q2\*Choose one of the following to correct the highlighted text.

The brain is what really sees, hears, smells, tastes, and feels.
The brain is that really sees, hears, smells, tastes, and has feeling.
The brain it is what really sees, hears, smells, tastes, and has feeling.

- and feels.\- is that really sees\- The brain it is
A series of similar ideas in a sentence should be presented in the same grammatical form. Here that form should be verbs in the simple present tense.

\\a2t5\&My family love the outdoors almost all months of the year.& The changing seasons offer different challenges. ~We go rock climbing in the fall, skiing in the winter, hiking in the spring, and summer sailing.~
Q1\Choose one of the following to correct the highlighted text.

My family loves the outdoors almost all months of the year.
My family love the outdoors most all months of the year.
My family love going outdoors almost all months of the year.

- loves the outdoors\- most all months\- love going outdoors
Here the collective noun "family" names a group that functions as a single unit. It needs a singular verb, "loves."
Q2\*Choose one of the following to correct the highlighted text.

We go rock climbing in the fall, skiing in the winter, hiking in the spring, and sailing in the summer.
We go rock climbing in the fall, skiing in the winter, hiking in the spring, and sail in summer.
We go rock climbing in the fall, skiing in the winter, hike in the spring, and summer sailing.

- and sailing in the summer.\- spring, and sail in summer.\- hike in the spring
Similar ideas in a sentence should be expressed in the same grammatical form. Here "summer" should be used as a noun within a participial phrase, not as an adjective.

\\a2t6\&Most plants do not need much water that live in the desert.& ~This is a good thing since there aren't much rainfall in the desert.~ When it does rain, the plants store water in their roots and stems for later use.
Q1\*Choose one of the following to correct the highlighted text.

Most plants that live in the desert do not need much water.
Most plants do not need much water that lives in the desert.
Most plants do not need much water that live in the dessert.

- Most plants that live in the desert\- water that lives in the desert.\- that live in the dessert.
A relative pronoun should be placed as close as possible to its antecedent. Thus "that" and the rest of the clause should come right after "plants."
Q2\Choose one of the following to correct the highlighted text.

This is a good thing since there isn't much rainfall in the desert.
This is a good thing; since there aren't much rainfall in the desert.
This is a good thing since there aren't a lot of rainfall in the desert.

- there isn't much rainfall\- good thing; since\- there aren't a lot of rainfall
When "there" comes before the verb in a sentence, the subject follows the verb. The subject here is "rainfall," which needs a singular verb.

\\a2t7\Breakfast at a small country inn was a treat. &There were newly baked rolls with homemade jams and fresh brewed coffee.& ~The eggs came from the innkeeper's own chickens that he fried for breakfast.~
Q1\Choose one of the following to correct the highlighted text.

There were newly baked rolls with homemade jams and freshly brewed coffee.
They're were newly baked rolls with homemade jams and fresh brewed coffee.
There were new baked rolls with homemade jams and fresh brewed coffee.

- and freshly brewed coffee.\- They're were newly baked rolls\- new baked rolls
"Fresh" should be the adverb "freshly." It describes "brewed," a verb part used as an adjective here.
Q2\*Choose one of the following to correct the highlighted text.

The eggs that he fried for breakfast came from the innkeeper's own chickens.
The eggs came from the innkeeper's own chickens which he fried for breakfast.
The eggs came from the innkeepers own chickens that he fried for breakfast.

- eggs that he fried for breakfast\- chickens which he fried for breakfast.\- the innkeepers own chickens
A relative pronoun should be placed as close as possible to its antecedent. Thus "that" and the rest of the clause should come right after "eggs."

\\a2t8\The Isle of Man is in the Irish Sea, halfway between England and Ireland. &The name of the island and its inhabitants are Celtic in origin.& ~The famous Manx cat comes from the Isle of Man, which has no tail.~
Q1\Choose one of the following to correct the highlighted text.

The name of the island and its inhabitants is Celtic in origin.
The name of the island and it's inhabitants are Celtic in origin.
The name of the island and their inhabitants are Celtic in origin.

- is Celtic in origin.\- and it's inhabitants\- and their inhabitants
The correct verb is "is" because its subject, "name," is singular. The phrase "of the island and its inhabitants," which comes between the subject and the verb, should be disregarded.
Q2\*Choose one of the following to correct the highlighted text.

The famous Manx cat, which has no tail, comes from the Isle of man.
The famous Manx cat comes from the Isle of Man; which has no tail.
The famous Manx cat comes from the Isle of Man, that has no tail.

- cat, which has no tail,\- from the Isle of Man;\- that has no tail.
A relative pronoun should be placed as close as possible to its antecedent. Thus "which" and the rest of the clause should come right after "cat."

\\a2t9\&Joy Adamson raised a motherless lion cub named Elsa who wrote a best seller about her unusual pet.& When Elsa was grown, Mrs. Adamson and her husband decided that their beloved pet should go back to the wild. ~First, however, they had to learn Elsa to hunt.~
Q1\*Choose one of the following to correct the highlighted text.

Joy Adamson, who raised a motherless lion cub named Elsa, wrote a best seller about her unusual pet.
Joy Adamson raised a motherless lion cub named Elsa. Who wrote a best seller about her unusual pet.
Joy Adamson raised a motherless lion cub named Elsa which wrote a best seller about her unusual pet.

- Adamson, who raised a motherless lion cub named Elsa,\- lion cub named Elsa. Who wrote\- which wrote a best seller
A relative pronoun should be placed as close as possible to its antecedent. Thus "who" and the rest of the clause should come right after "Adamson."
Q2\Choose one of the following to correct the highlighted text.

First, however, they had to teach Elsa to hunt.
Firstly, however, they had to learn Elsa to hunt.
First, however, they had to learn Elsa how to hunt.

- to teach Elsa to hunt\- Firstly, however, they had to\- learn Elsa how to hunt.
"Learn" means to acquire knowledge. "Teach" means to give knowledge. In this text, the correct action is "teach."

\\a2t10\There is a popular story about Abraham Lincoln and the Gettysburg Address. &On the back of a brown envelope Lincoln is supposed to have written the famous speech that he had in his pocket.& ~The story is known to be false, but many people still except it as true.~
Q1\*Choose one of the following to correct the highlighted text.

Lincoln is supposed to have written the famous speech on the back of a brown envelope that he had in his pocket.
On the back of a brown envelope Lincoln is supposed to have wrote the famous speech that he had in his pocket.
On the back of a brown envelope Lincoln is supposed to have written the famous speech which was in his pocket.

- speech on the back of a brown envelope\- to have wrote the famous speech\- speech which was in his pocket
A relative pronoun should be placed as close as possible to its antecedent. Thus "on the back of a brown envelope" should come right before the relative pronoun "that."
Q2\Choose one of the following to correct the highlighted text.

The story is known to be false, but many people still accept it as true.
The story is known to be false, but still many people except it as true.
The story is known to be false. But many people still except it as true.

- people still accept it as true.\- but still many people except\- to be false. But many people
"Except" means "to leave out." "Accept" means "to take," "to agree," or "to believe." In this text, the correct verb is "accept," meaning "to believe."

\\a2t11\&At night its easy for owls to prey on crows, their natural enemy.& ~The owl's night vision is much keener than the crow.~ During the day, however, their roles are reversed. Crows are the attackers and owls the victims.
Q1\Choose one of the following to correct the highlighted text.

At night it's easy for owls to prey on crows, their natural enemy.
At night its easy for owls to prey on crows, there natural enemy.
At night its easy for owls to prey on crows, their natural enemies.

- At night it's easy\- there natural enemy.\- their natural enemies.
"Its" is a possessive pronoun. The sentence needs "it's," a contraction of "it is."
Q2\*Choose one of the following to correct the highlighted text.

The owl's night vision is much keener than the crow's.
The owl's night vision is more keener than the crow.
The owl's night vision is much keener then the crow.

- keener than the crow's.\- more keener than the crow.\- keener then the crow.
The owl's night vision should be compared to the crow's night vision. Here the comparison is being made to the crow itself.

\\a2t12\&Stephen King writes stories that are even scarier than Edgar Allan Poe.& Poe created short tales of terror and the supernatural. ~King spread unimaginable horror over hundreds of pages.~
Q1\*Choose one of the following to correct the highlighted text.

Stephen King writes stories that are even scarier than those of Edgar Allan Poe.
Stephen King writes stories that are even more scary than Edgar Allan Poe.
Stephen King writes stories that are even scarier then Edgar Allan Poe.

- than those of Edgar Allan Poe.\- that are even more scary\- then Edgar Allan Poe.
Stephen King's stories should be compared to Poe's stories. Here they are being compared to Poe himself.
Q2\Choose one of the following to correct the highlighted text.

King spreads unimaginable horror over hundreds of pages.
King spread unimaginable horror on hundreds of pages.
King spread unimaginable horror over a hundreds of pages.

- King spreads unimaginable horror\- horror on hundreds\- over a hundreds of pages.
Since Stephen King is still writing, the verb should be in the present tense, as it is in the first sentence.

\\a2t13\&Stalin's Russia was as terrible as Hitler.& Hitler killed millions of non-Germans. Stalin murdered or exiled millions of his own people. ~In one year alone he banished a million farmers and their families, many starved to death.~
Q1\*Choose one of the following to correct the highlighted text.

Stalin's Russia was as terrible as Hitler's Germany.
Stalins Russia was as terrible as Hitler.
Stalin's Russia was as terrible like Hitler.

- as terrible as Hitler's Germany.\- Stalins Russia was as terrible\- was as terrible like Hitler.
Stalin's Russia should be compared to Hitler's Germany. Here Russia is compared to Hitler himself.
Q2\Choose one of the following to correct the highlighted text.

In one year alone he banished a million farmers and their families. Many starved to death.
In only one year he banished a million farmers and their families, many starved to death.
In one year alone he banished a million farmers; and their families, many starved to death.

- and their families. Many starved\- In only one year he banished\-  farmers; and their families, many starved
This is a run-on sentence. A comma may not join two sentences. Use a period to separate them, and capitalize the first word of the second sentence.

\\a2t14\&The population of New York City is greater than Paris.& It is also more varied. ~More than nine million people living in New York.~ They have come from dozens of countries around the world and from every inhabited continent.
Q1\*Choose one of the following to correct the highlighted text.

The population of New York City is greater than that of Paris.
The population of New York City is greater then Paris.
The population of New York City is more great than Paris.

- is greater than that of Paris.\- is greater then Paris.\- is more great than Paris.
In this text, the population of New York is being compared to Paris rather than to the population of Paris. One way to correct the error is to insert "that of" before "Paris."
Q2\Choose one of the following to correct the highlighted text.

More than nine million people live in New York.
More than nine million people living at New York.
More than nine million people lived in New York.

- live in New York.\- living at New York.\- people lived in New York.
This is a sentence fragment. One way to correct it is to add or change whatever word would make it a complete sentence. Here that is the verb.

\\a2t15\&Some harmless snakes imitate poisonous one's to scare off enemies.& When a king snake vibrates its tail among dry leaves, the sound fools a predator. He thinks he is facing a poisonous rattler. ~The bite of a rattlesnake is more dangerous than a king snake.~
Q1\Choose one of the following to correct the highlighted text.

Some harmless snakes imitate poisonous ones to scare off enemies.
Some harmless snakes imitate poisonous one's to scare enemies.
Some harmless snakes imitate poisonous one's to scare of enemies.

- ones to scare off enemies.\- one's to scare enemies.\- to scare of enemies.
The sentence needs the plural form, "ones," not the possessive form, "one's."
Q2\*Choose one of the following to correct the highlighted text.

The bite of a rattlesnake is more dangerous than a king snake's bite.
The bit of a rattlesnake is more dangerous than a king snake.
The bite of a rattlesnake is more dangerous than a King snake.

- than a king snake's bite.\- The bit of a rattlesnake\- than a King snake.
A rattlesnake's bite should be compared to a king snake's bite. Here the comparison is being made to the king snake itself.

\\a2t16\The kiwi is New Zealand's national bird. &It has many features what are not typical of birds.& ~Its feathers look like hairs and it has whiskers on its face, furthermore, it cannot fly at all.~
Q1\Choose one of the following to correct the highlighted text.

It has many features that are not typical of birds.
It has many features what is not typical of birds.
It has many features what are not typically of birds.

- that are not typical of birds.\- what is not typical of birds.\- what are not typically of birds.
The relative pronoun "that" is needed here to take the place of the noun "features." "That" links, or relates, the dependent clause to the main clause.
Q2\*Choose one of the following to correct the highlighted text.

Its feathers look like hairs and it has whiskers on its face. Furthermore, it cannot fly at all.
Its feathers look like hairs and it has whiskers on its face, furthermore it cannot fly at all.
Its feathers look like hairs and it has whiskers on its face, furthermore, it can not fly at all.

- on its face. Furthermore\- furthermore it cannot fly\- it can not fly at all.
This is a run-on sentence. A comma may not join two sentences. Neither may a word such as "furthermore." Use a period to separate the sentences, and capitalize the first word of the second sentence.

\\a2t17\&The California condor, the largest flying bird in North America.& It is almost extinct. Biologists are trying to breed the birds in captivity. ~Several young condors have all ready been released into the wild.~ Their survival could mean the survival of the species.
Q1\*Choose one of the following to correct the highlighted text.

The California condor, the largest flying bird in North America, is almost extinct.
The California condor, it is the largest flying bird in North America. It is almost extinct.
The California condor, the largest flying bird in North America; it is almost extinct.

- in North America, is almost extinct.\- The California condor, it is the largest\- in North America; it is almost extinct.
This is a sentence fragment because it lacks a verb. One way to correct it is to attach the fragment to the next sentence. Removing "It" makes "is" the verb for "condor."
Q2\Choose one of the following to correct the highlighted text.

Several young condors have already been released into the wild.
Several young condor's have all ready been released into the wild.
Several young condors have been all ready released into the wild.

- condors have already been\- condor's have all ready\- condors have been all ready released
"All ready" means "completely ready." The word needed here is "already," which means "by this time" or "now."

\\a2t18\Bees make honey and pollinate flowers. &Ladybug's eat insects that destroy crops.& Silkworms produce fibers that are spun into beautiful fabrics. ~Thus it is clear that all insects are not pests.~
Q1\Choose one of the following to correct the highlighted text.

Ladybugs eat insects that destroy crops.
Ladybug's eat insects that destroyed crops.
Ladybug's eat insects what destroy crops.

- Ladybugs eat insects\- that destroyed crops.\- what destroy crops.
"Ladybug's" shows possession, or ownership. The sentence needs the plural form, "Ladybugs."
Q2\*Choose one of the following to correct the highlighted text.

Thus it is clear that not all insects are pests.
Thus it is clearly that all insects are not pests.
Thus it is not clear that all insects are not pests.

- that not all insects are\- Thus it is clearly that\- it is not clear that all insects
A modifier should be placed as close as possible to the word it describes, or the meaning of the sentence will be wrong. Here "not" modifies "all" rather than "pests."

\\a2t19\In nature there are many examples of metamorphosis. Metamorphosis involves a complete change in form. The best-known example is the caterpillar. &It spins a silky covering of itself and quietly undergoes a series of changes inside.& ~What emerged is something quite different--a butterfly.~
Q1\Choose one of the following to correct the highlighted text.

It spins a silky covering for itself and quietly undergoes a series of changes inside.
It spins a silk covering of itself and quietly undergoes a series of changes inside.
It spins a silky covering of itself and quietly undergo a series of changes inside.

- a silky covering for itself\- a silk covering of itself\- and quietly undergo a series of changes
The correct preposition is "for," meaning "to be used by."
Q2\*Choose one of the following to correct the highlighted text.

What emerges is something quite different--a butterfly.
What emerged is something quite differently--a butterfly.
What emerged was something quite different--a butterfly.

- What emerges is something\- something quite differently\- What emerged was something
All verbs in this text are in the present tense except "emerged." There is no logical reason to shift to the past tense.

\\a2t20\Benjamin Franklin had only two years of formal schooling. His father could not afford to pay for more. &Franklin taught himself grammar, algebra, geometry, several sciences, and to speak five languages.& ~He became famous as a writer, a statesman, and he invented things.~
Q1\*Choose one of the following to correct the highlighted text.

Franklin taught himself grammar, algebra, geometry, several sciences, and five languages.
Franklin taught himself grammar, algebra, geometry, several sciences, and speaking five languages.
Franklin taught himself grammar, to do algebra and geometry, several sciences, and to speak five languages.

- several sciences, and five languages.\- and speaking five languages.\- to do algebra and geometry,
A series of similar ideas in a sentence should be expressed in the same grammatical form. Here that form should be all nouns, not four nouns and a phrase.
Q2\Choose one of the following to correct the highlighted text.

He became famous as a writer, a statesman, and an inventor.
He became famous as a writer, a statesman, and for inventions.
He had become famous as a writer, a statesman, and he invented things.

- and an inventor.\- a statesman, and for inventions.\- He had become famous
A series of similar ideas in a sentence should be expressed in the same grammatical form. Here that form should be all nouns, not two nouns and a clause.

